(upbeat music)
- Thanks very much.
Hi everyone, really great to be here today with you.
So I'm hoping today to share a bit of my experience
and interest around 5G and also to look
and try and answer this question,
how do we think 5G is going to help
and also support future industries?
So today I'm gonna take you through a few different areas.
Firstly, we're gonna look at how have we got to 5G,
then what kind of technologies are supporting 5G,
what's making it work, and then lastly,
we're gonna have a look at these industries
and what we think 5G can help with.
So as per your program, we're looking to answer
how will mobile technology change with 5G
and how will it help support future industries?
So to start off with and also to check that you're all
awake
and nobody's asleep and you've got energy,
I'd like you to take out your mobile phones.
I know this is a bit new in a sort of conference
environment
and have a look at this website here.
So www.menti.com and then there's a code here.
So you can either join, there's a BT Wi-Fi hotspot
or you can also just do it over your mobile data.
And I'd like you to vote what you think 5G is.
So these are sample examples provided by my son actually.
So similar age range around what he thought 5G was.
So the first one, we've got another G,
we've got 4G but better, better gaming,
more connected things or faster downloads.
So if you wanna select one of these
and then we'll have a look at the poll in a minute.
So if we could swap over the screen, please.
(paper rustling)
Brilliant.
So we've still got some voting.
Give you a few more seconds.
The code is at the top there.
So the code is 57326810.
Brilliant.
So I think we're pretty much there.
Most people seem to, but it's changing a little bit,
but the popular two answers seem to be 4G but better
and also faster downloads.
And we've got as a kind of a third runner,
we've got more connected things
and then the lower two options are another G
and better gaming.
Right, brilliant.
So as we go through the slides and this presentation,
let's explore some of these areas.
So if we could switch back to the slides.
(paper rustling)
And I'll go forward.
Okay, first of all, we're gonna take you through
the journey of 5G.
How have we got here?
So G stands for generation and mobile technology has been
around for about 40 years now, which
is a really long time.
So back in the very early 80s, we first saw these very huge
devices that you can see on
the slide here.
So these phones were an analogue only service.
That meant it was just voice only, so you couldn't do any
data, couldn't do any texting.
They were very basic in functionality.
As we moved into 2G in the early 90s, we saw the
introduction of some of the services we
start and we do use today.
So that was text messaging.
Initially it was just to your only, to the same network.
So if your friend was on a different network to you, you
couldn't text them.
But then we saw it open up further.
As you can see on the bottom of this diagram here, I've
started to show in terms of kind
of speed and how we see things evolving.
So we've got a kind of walking person.
I've put 2G as somebody might have a bike.
As we moved into 3G, things got a little bit faster, things
got a little bit better.
In 2007, one of the biggest changes that we saw was the
introduction of phones, smartphones
such as the iPhone.
Initially the iPhone was only a 2G phone, but when we got
to 2008, we also saw it supporting
3G2.
So some of the exciting things about this change in devices
and technology was that
phones became touch phones.
We saw apps on the phone.
We saw mobile internet.
And we also saw much more richness.
We saw people starting to use these in their everyday lives,
taking their phones to work
with them, using them for all sorts of communications.
Moving on to 4G, where we are now.
Most of us will have a phone that's 4G enabled, and phones
are really becoming quite smart.
We're using them to check up on things at home.
A lot of us are wearing smart wearables, things like
connected watches.
We might have a smart meter in our homes, which is checking
up on our electricity.
We might even have a smart car, which has got a SIM within
the car.
In this era, so we're seeing a lot more instead of
downloading your movies and watching
them when you're on a train or something.
We're actually seeing people watching movies on the go.
So moving forward to 5G, what's that going to be?
So we see it as a fully connected society.
I'm going to talk about it a bit more on the next few
slides.
But we really see it as connecting lots of things across
industry and for people.
So let's have a look at what this means to you.
So who has watched Guardians of the Galaxy or Iron Man or
any of the frequent movies?
Yeah, most of you are aware of them.
So a typical movie like that is about 4 gigabits per second.
in size and the speed to download these. So let's have a
look over the generations
because that will get you a feel for how things have
changed. So first of all in 1G,
there was no data. So if you had a 1G phone, you were not
going to watch
Guardians of the Galaxy. Moving forward to 2G, if you had a
2G phone,
that would have taken you 11 and a half days to download
that 4K movie.
And then as we transition towards 5G, we're also seeing
that this same size
of movie can now be downloaded in a few seconds. But back
to our survey question,
so 5G, it's not just about download speeds, we've got other
attributes as well.
One of the big changes is around delay of doing things. So
during lockdown,
we're all very familiar with those Teams calls, Zoom calls,
everybody was online.
I'm sure we all had moments in time where we saw the buffering
happening,
we saw lip sync not being real time to the person speaking
on that video chat.
These are all types of delay. So we will experience that
someone is doing
something in real time, but their video image which is
being projected to the far
end is not happening in real time. So what does 5G mean for
industries?
So 5G can be roughly split into three main areas, and we'll
have a quick look at these now.
So the first area that 5G is looking to address and improve
is around machine-to-machine
type communications. So that's a really kind of long title,
but what does it actually mean?
So it means connecting lots and lots of devices, smart
sensors, things in your home,
meters that we spoke about, these electricity meters you
might have,
and lots of devices and sensors talking to each other. So
in particular,
we're looking at connections around 1 million connections
per kilometer squared.
We're also looking, because there's so many devices, they
might be communicating
in different ways. So we might have some devices that
communicate very frequently
with the network, maybe every second, every few minutes,
but then we might have
some devices, maybe a sensor in your bin, perhaps your
smart meter.
It may only take a reading once a month. So we need to
really optimize the battery
life in these types of devices. Some of that will be
battery device technology
improving, but there'll be other areas around improving the
technology in the
devices and also improving how the network can manage this
type of device.
Let's move on now to the middle area, which is around
broadband everywhere.
So I think most people are aware now and starting to see
more of these sort of VR
headsets coming into use. We're also...
360 degree video, so the video is all around you. All this
type of technology
uses a lot of bandwidth. If you've got a VR headset or 360
degree video,
instead of loading just video directly in front of you, you
have it all the way
around, so it's taking a lot of bandwidth to provide this.
We also,
within this use case, 5G is looking to provide a peak rate
of around 10
gigabits per second, so that is absolutely huge. With these
kind of speeds,
we can really change the way we do things. When we see
sporting events at the
moment, these outside broadcasting units, typically they're
run back via cables.
As we're moving towards 5G, we're already seeing different
outside broadcasts,
3D sport being one, actually using 5G now to transport that
live broadcast feed
back to the studio and playing out on the TVs. Finally,
looking at the last area,
we've got critical machine type communications. This
basically means an
area which has to be super secure, so no one's going to get
into it,
the network's not going to break. We also need to make sure
this type of device and
these type of services are very, very reliable. We don't
want them to have a
delay, so if you could imagine driving a car or perhaps
flying a drone,
you want that to happen in real time. You don't want to be
doing something or
moving your drone and it's happening much, much later
because that could cause some
really dangerous problems. Similarly, if you're on an
operating bed,
I'm sure no one here would want delay in the surgeon using
a knife or a scalpel.
So, looking at these use cases, let's move on further now
and see what else we can
do. So, how is the technology in the network actually going
to change to
support these devices and use cases? So, first of all, let's
take a look at a
typical 5D network and then we'll try and go into each area
in turn.
So, at the bottom here, we've got all the devices and the
types of services we spoke
about, so you'll probably recognize, some of you, the handsets,
we've got a drone there, we've got SIMs at the bottom, most
people are aware of
those. And as we move up the layer, you can see base
stations, connectivity,
and you can also see data centers. So, let's sort of delve
into those in a
little bit more detail. Right. So, first of all, let's have
a look at radio.
So, traditionally, as we've gone through different mobile
generations,
we've had one type of radio which has supported that
technology.
When we move towards 5G, because we want to support these
really huge
data rates, we need to have a lot of capacity in our
network. So some of you
may have seen the government had auctions to sell off
different parts of
radio spectrum to support these, but essentially what this
means is we are
going to have different radio frequency bands to support
the network. So in the
blue section here we will have radio which can support
really really large
distances to give a kind of umbrella coverage. So this will
support really
large areas. We might have a mid band with the kind of pinky
purple here in
the middle which is going to support slightly shorter round
but add more
capacity to the network. And then finally we're going to
have these new millimeter
wave which are going to be really high speed but in sort of
a shorter sort of
area of coverage. So what about the links? There's been a
lot of news about fiber
rollout, you know, putting in more data into BT Broadband
network but also fiber
links are really really important for 5G too. So we've got
on the left hand side
here we've got the SIMS and devices with sort of use to
those but to link the
base stations that we see dotted around the country back to
our core network
which does all the smart stuff and this is the part which
enables to track you
on the network, it's able to check that you're actually a
customer on the
network, all that kind of clever stuff. We need to link
these. Now we have several
options, two that I've put in here so we might roll out
fiber like I've spoken
about or we might put in something like a microwave link.
So depending on our
location, how quickly we want to move things out, we might
take a decision on
which is the best to use here. Moving on to the last part
which is actually the
smart bit, the mobile network which is sort of making
everything work. In the
past we had these sort of traditional vendor equipment so
what that means is
the actual software running the mobile core networks was
put onto these vendor
hardware so they were specific to each vendor and they were
equipment that
would go into your data center. Moving forward we've moved
into software that
is running on more generic servers so this makes things
really flexible
because instead of having to buy specific items from a
manufacturer, put
them in your data center, you can have many many servers
and load on software
as you're needed and perhaps if you need to scale up or
scale down you know add
these elements there. The other really interesting part
about 5G as well is
originally the core network was in one or two locations and
that was
geographically in the UK.
and more in case of disaster recovery.
To support some of these low-delay services, what we call
low latency,
we're now looking at distributing the network.
So instead of having these few dotted around locations,
we might start putting mobile software towards different
parts in the network
to support these use cases.
So, let's have a look at the industries
and have a look at the kind of applications we might be
able to support in 5G.
So, there's a whole realm of different use cases,
so broadcast media, healthcare, manufacturing,
emergency services, logistics, smart cities.
So, I'm going to take a look at a few of them here today,
and then hopefully as well when you get to look around Adastro,
you might be able to see some of these over in the hub too.
So, the first one I'd like to talk about,
and then I'm going to play a short video,
is around media and broadcast.
So, I'm sure most of you will recognize that image at the
top.
So, it's Princess Leia, a holographic Princess Leia,
talking to Obi-Wan Kenobi and Luke Skywalker.
So, this is something that was, I believe, in the early 80s.
I might be wrong with the year of Star Wars.
So, many years ago,
did we ever think that we'd be able to go from fiction to
reality?
Well, if you look at the pictures down on the right-hand
side,
and I'll show you them, a little clip on a video shortly,
we can now, using these special cameras,
which are called volumetric cameras,
which are allowed to, and can convey depth perception,
we can take holographic images of people.
So, let me go on to the next video,
and this will be really great for you guys to see.
Let me just... Is that playing?
Great.
Here we are at StoneX, the home of Saracens,
and behind me, you see our volumetric video capture rig,
which basically captures people in real time,
and then it was to digitally transport them over to a
different location,
say your home, so you can watch a holographic view
of the live action that's playing out at a sporting event
like boxing.
So, what we're trying to do is really enhance
the BT Sport standard production feed that you normally see
on your TV.
Using volumetric video, we can create a holographic view of
the boxes,
which means that you can stop, you can replay, you can rewind,
and you can look at them from every angle.
So, it's not normal video, which is 2D,
we're actually capturing 3D video,
so the 3D essence of that person,
and we can transport them over to a different location,
your home,
and give you flexibility for how you actually view it,
and how you consume that content.
This is an augmented stadium experience for spectators in
the stadium,
and we're trying to put some of the augmented insights into
the game
that you see on TV into the hands of people live in the
stadium.
So, you need to know very accurately where the pitch is,
and the most impactful pitch.
things that are happening on the pitch.
And obviously the ball is the most important thing
on the pitch, so we're working with Sportable,
with their Gilbert Trackball.
So we know very accurately where that is,
and we get that live in real time.
And the next thing we need to do is match that up
with where you're effectively looking,
where you're pointing your device.
So we take those two aspects into our Edge XR system,
and we basically generate a video layer
that's sent back to your phone to go over
your live camera view to show you those
augmented graphics perfectly lined up.
The experiences we're looking at today rely
on the speed and low latency of 5G.
Combined with that, we're now looking at how we can use
a multi-axis Edge computing to take some of that
massive processor intensive volumetric rendering
and be able to take that away from the devices.
So really we're able to create experiences
that you've just never seen before.
Essentially we can have augmented realities.
You can find your scene, you can find information
with players and tracking the balls.
And with the multiple camera angles,
every seat is the best seat in the house.
- Brilliant.
Oh, right, fantastic.
So if we go on to the next use case now,
and have a look at healthcare.
So in the UK, we have many call outs with ambulances.
So when an ambulance is dispatched to a house,
normally they will assess a patient.
And then from that initial assessment,
they'll decide whether to transport a patient
to hospital or not.
So typically that kind of ratio of turning up on a scene
and taking the people over to hospital.
So two thirds of the people they assess
are taken on to hospital.
So what if we could equip the ambulance
with some further medical equipment
that we don't normally have?
Could we give remote support to this paramedic
to allow them to use more complicated equipment
and diagnostic devices?
Now, obviously the benefits for this are massive.
So we talked about only two thirds of the people
that are assessed by an ambulance
are then taken on to hospital for further assessment.
So at the moment, those two thirds that arrive
at the hospital, only 50% of those are actually put
on to a ward or admitted for further treatment.
So could we, as paramedics, assisted by a doctor,
there's a picture of a doctor here on the far right,
actually get smarter?
Could we allow some additional diagnostic in the ambulance
to decide, does this patient need to go
to a more specialist center?
Or actually, is this patient okay
and we can discharge them at home
and then they've not got any waiting around
or further stress?
So in this scenario, we looked at putting
an ultrasound machine into the ambulance.
So you can also see.
that the paramedic here has got a haptic glove on.
Now a haptic glove, for those that you are not aware of
what a haptics are,
allows you to feel the sense of touch down each finger.
So you can see the doctor on the far side, he's got a VR
headset on.
In the ambulance we would have two cameras.
This is to allow full 260 degree vision and also depth
perception.
In the ambulance we've also got a voice and video feed.
And the doctor here, in the far end, he's got a joystick
and he's able to move this joystick to help and guide the
paramedic
to know how to move the ultrasound probe.
So moving the joystick left, right, back, forward will
pulse different fingers
of the haptic glove and aid and assist this paramedic here.
So all this sort of technology hasn't been available in
previous generations.
So we need, in this kind of use case, we need that higher
bandwidth
that we spoke about on some of the first few slides
and we need that really low delay so he's getting the
pulses in real time
and he's able to have that communication.
So this is a really interesting use of what 5G could be
used for.
It's also something that could save healthcare trusts such
as Arrhenia NHS,
sort of millions of pounds over the year for unnecessary
transportation onto hospital.
So remote operations, this one is a really exciting one.
It's something we've been working on quite recently.
So remote operations is a huge area.
So in the picture here I've showed a robotic arm on a
factory floor.
Of course we might want to use some sort of robotic arm in
other applications
and other areas.
We might want to use a remote operation or remote operator
to control things like cranes.
We might want to use this sort of technology with a remote
operator
to train a system.
Can we train a system for use in either a dangerous or
hazardous area
or perhaps using a specialist technician or someone with a
specialist skill
to be able to do this task?
As you can see, this is going to also need very low latency,
so this low delay.
When we move this robotic arm, especially on a factory line
where we've got things moving through at real time,
we need to know that we're making that precision movement.
We're not going to be delayed and then it's going to either
break
or cause injury on this factory line.
So this system as well, so it's using haptic and force
feedback.
The operator at the far end is using a VR headset
and remote sort of hand controls.
You'll also be able to see this in the hub,
and they're giving instructions and allowing the robotic
arm
So to give you a preview of what you might be seeing in the
hub, I'll just hit play on
this.
So this is Claire, who you'll probably meet over in the hub.
And she's controlling this robotic arm, and she is going to
pick up this block in a second
and drop it in the other basket.
Again, you can see she's got a camera with two lenses.
This is a stereoscopic camera again, and it allows the
depth perception.
So this allows her to know where in the basket she can
actually pick up from.
Next use case I want to tell you guys about.
So we've all heard about drones.
You know, we're quite familiar with them.
But drones is another great application of 5G.
Drones 100% need to be flown in real time.
So if you're able to control these over a network that can
provide that real time experience,
you could do some really interesting things.
So on the left hand side, perhaps you could have a rescue
mission.
This drone is carrying a camera.
Perhaps you could fly over a disaster scene or perhaps
somewhere where there's a fire
and work out whether it's safe to send in volunteers or
emergency staff before you actually
sends real people.
Additionally, on the left, we've got a drone delivering a
medical first aid kit.
And this is another application of how we might use these
type of applications.
Similarly, we've also got areas around parcel delivery,
perhaps working in a factory and
delivering different parts for a production.
So if we now cycle back to the start and we try and
remember the survey that we all filled
in, so which of these areas does 5G cover?
So from that original survey, it's actually covering
everything.
So we've spoken about we want a network to be highly
reliable.
We've spoken about the ultra low latency, so low latency or
low delay.
We want everything to be as real time as possible.
We want to have this huge bandwidth and 5G can provide that.
And we're also really interested in the low battery
consumption.
This will enable us to connect some of our many sensors
together and not worry about
having to go out in a week's time or maybe a month's time
and check whether they've still
got battery life.
So all of these things together are able to provide us with
these really interesting and
enriching new industry use cases.
So I'd urge you to really enjoy your trip around site, take
a look at some of the many
great activities and demonstrations that are over in the
hub.
And yeah, just take a look and enjoy it.
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